Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic Surgery

Plastic surgery medical specialty concerned correction restoration function. While known aesthetic surgery, plastic surgery includes y types reconstructive surgery, surgery, microsurgery, treatment burns. T O A Oy "plastic" derives Greek plastikos meaning shape; connected synthetic polymer material known plastic.

Reconstructive surgery techniques being carried India y 2000 BC. Sushruta, considered father surgery, important contributions field plastic cataract surgery 6 century BC. T O A Oy medical works Sushruta Charak translated Arabic language during Abbasid Caliphate 750 AD. T O A Oy Arabic translations their y Europe intermediaries. I Italy Branca family Sicily Gaspare Tagliacozzi (Bologna) became familiar techniques Sushruta.

British physicians traveled India rhinoplasties being performed y native methods. Reports Indian rhinoplasty performed y Kumhar vaidya published Gentleman's Magazine y 1794. Joseph Constantine Carpue spent 20 years India studying local plastic surgery methods. Carpue perform first major surgery Western world y 1815. Instruments described Sushruta Samhita further modified Western world.

T O A Oy ancient Egyptians Romans performed plastic cosmetic surgery. T O A Oy Romans perform simple techniques, repairing damaged around 1 century BC. F religious reasons, y dissect either human beings animals, their knowledge based entirety texts their Greek predecessors. Notwithstanding, Aulus Cornelius Celsus surprisingly accurate anatomical descriptions, which — instance, studies genitalia skeleton — special interest plastic surgery.

I 1465, Sabuncuoglu's book, description, classification hypospadias informative p . Localization urethral meatus described detail. Sabuncuoglu detailed description classification ambiguous genitalia. I -15 century Europe, Heinrich Pfolspeundt described process " lacks entirely, g devoured " y removing suturing place. However, because dangers associated surgery y form, especially involving face, until 19 20 centuries surgery became common.

Up until techniques anesthesia became established, surgeries involving healthy tissues involved great p. Infection surgery reduced y introduction sterile techniques disinfectants. T O A Oy invention antibiotics, beginning sulfa drugs penicillin, another p making elective surgery possible.

I 1792, Chopart performed operative procedure p using p . I 1814, Joseph Carpue successfully performed operative procedure British military officer toxic effects mercury treatments. I 1818, German surgeon C Ferdinand Graefe published major entitled Rhinoplastik. V Graefe modified Italian method using graft instead original delayed pedicle p.

T O A Oy first American plastic surgeon J Peter Mettauer, , 1827, performed first cleft palate operation instruments designed himself. I 1845, Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach wrote comprehensive x rhinoplasty, entitled Operative Chirurgie, introduced concept reoperation improve cosmetic appearance reconstructed .

I 1891, American otorhinolaryngologist J R presented example work, young woman reduced dorsal nasal p cosmetic indications. I 1892, Robert W experimented unsuccessfully xenografts ( sternum) reconstruction sunken noses. I 1896, James Israel, urological surgeon Germany, 1889 George Monks United States every described successful heterogeneous - grafting reconstruct saddle defects. I 1898, Jacques Joseph, German orthopaedic-trained surgeon, published first account reduction rhinoplasty. I 1928, Jacques Joseph published Nasenplastik Sonstige Gesichtsplastik.